فصلنامه پژوهش در تاریخ
سال سوم شماره 9 (زمستان 1391)

Although the United States have participated in various part of the world including the Persian Gulf Region with the excuse of democracy and fulfilling the nations rights، but the Kuwait Crises of 1990 and the U. S military intervention brought forward some new questions. The Kuwait crises unveiled that some issues such as oil and the Energy Security are the main priorities of U. S foreign policy and this has been in line with the long term U. S strategies، concerning the Persian Gulf region. So، the hypothesis of this paper is that the U. S Foreign Policy was furious about any other oil shock based on the previous experiences. For preventing any other oil crises such as the Oil Crises of 1973-74 and Oil Shock of Iran- Iraq War، he has to take a serious action and the Kuwait crisis was a good excuse. Iraq''s invasion of Kuwait was correspondent with the Collapse of the Soviet Union. So، U. S grasped the opportunity of presenting his own hegemony with direct presence in the Persian Gulf region. Thus، the issue of human rights and defending the Kuwaiti people was his slogan. The method with which this paper has been written is a descriptive – analytical one.

Medical science has long been one of the favorite subjects of different nations of the world، Our ancestors believed that the material world، and happy people، created by God and that man is a religious duty to look after them and they will expand and take advantage of them And this was the cause، they seek to destroy all human suffering as a result of physical suffering and medical care and appreciate. The oldest and most important knowledge about how medical  and treatment can be a part of the ancient Iranian Avestan texts amidst achieved. Anywhere in pre-Islamic religious texts، about health care، how to deal with Diseases mentioned and health recommendations in the form of mythological stories، religious and historical reader is induced. However، apart from the Avesta، the Zoroastrian Middle Persian texts in whatever time is left، Eternal legacy and precious culture، ideas، and beliefs of the ancient Persians supposed to open to clear. This paper intends descriptive – analytical and the use of the ancient sources regarding medicaland health survey methods - Iranian ancient medical texts and the position of the Zoroastrian teachings of pay

There are different schools in different and Nishapur in the Seljuk era spur debate was a lot of faith and religious conflicts. In Khorasan, ¬ is a wide range of discussions, the legitimate questions about freedom, and this explanation of ascetic worship - whether true virtue is in conflict with material profit or not, was going on. In Nishapur, Shafyan, Hanafi, and other Kramyan different, the issues did not agree with each other. Competitive and hostile to political and social power between them existed. this challenge and deal rather than the development of rationality and spirituality in the community provide It led to the decline. This article seeks to respond to this question The real reason for strife and conflict between different sects Nishapur in what was the Seljuk era? The authors of this paper, Hanafi religion, religion is accepted by the Government More ¬ over the top government positions, causing deep conflicts among the general public; I believe the schools were different. The same factors would cause social and Khvrdhay was among the populace.Comprehensive research has been done so far in this field. Research in this area is therefore necessary to consider ¬.

Second Pahlavi for deepening himself relations with social castes and prevent from tendency down castes to soviet communism became to land reform in Iran. This reform had not with itself, resuilt that the shah expected from it, means consolidating his rule in Iran.land reform and shahs modernization policy was, overwhelmed his lake legimitation then 1332 coup always.Shahs modern policy done without appropriat perception from traditional backgrounds Iran society and Iranians historical dream for realization of modern discourse encountered with failure to fulfill Iranians historical dreams in realize modern discourse in Irans traditional society led to growth new discourse that it was based on redout shia literature and modern removal and perhaps eclectic from traditional relligiouse. Land reform and collaps irans caste structure was beginning of growth of Islamic discourse in Iran.

In the works of contemporary scholars, norm/custom numerates one of the Abu hanifas juridical sources and methods. Their definition of this term is not similar with the idea of Abu hanifa. The main motive in this research is how costoms in Abu hanifas thought appeared. The main characteristic of the time of Abu hanifa social condition is mutual social interactions, thus its influence on costum superiority is so important in the thought of Abu hanifa that has studied with analytical approach. The term of norm in the thought of Abu hanifa is different from today popular sense.The juridical sources and methods of Abu hanifa link together with the chain of intellect which dynamically help to right customes replace with the corrupt customes/norms as a model of act and action of population.

This issue of the interaction between religion and government of the Islamic Revolution to the beginning of the present century, on the side of government policies towards religion and seminaries And conflicts between this policy and the look and attitude Clergymen against the Pahlavi regime and its religious policies is discussed. Policies that place the interests of the religious demands and never was so anti-religious that all references to deal with the leads.Methods In this descriptive - analytical and data collection is based on library resources. The result shows that the Pahlavi policies, although at times the religious demands and agree with the sentiment religion But it is not near the religious concerns and to strengthen the foundations of their power was based Interest Survey.

Dolmens are buildings that belong to the prehistoric time and it covered with horizontal and vertical flat rocks. As we know, the study of popular culture in all times and places, is good and worthy practice. This paper also is research that associated with the functions of a culture named Dolmen. It is based on historical and archeological evidence and with explanation and interpretation of datas, looking for a link for connecting this research with anthropological studies. In our country, a few works have been written about Dolmens. Here, we must say that, in some areas of the world, there are Dolmens which dating back to ten thousand years ago; but functional concept of such works is still remain among some current peoples of the world. Great attention to the origins of Dolmens is because of their Scattering around the world. It might be this monument's dont have any connection with each other, but it seems they have such connections and it is exactly the same problems that necessitate the research about the functions of such historical buildings.

Hitler's invasion of Poland in World War II, the Persian date Shahrivar 1318 S / M began in September 1939. However, Iran was engaged in war, and this results in the country. Internal affairs of Iran during World War II to the social, political, economic and military divide. Some of these problems are a direct result of the war and occupation by others, thus presence of foreign troops in the country. Sudden influx Allied Army of Iran, created grave concern over the country looking for a string of accidents caused by the influx affairs often went out of the chaos and insecurity, deteriorating economic situation, the question The bread and food, and how to communicate with a foreign government, nation created many problems.The next events will affect.